由 google 
Design and Development
The Ar 381-14, a product of the German aircraft manufacturer Arado, was a peculiar creation born out of the desperation of the waning German war effort. This rocket-powered fighter aircraft, designed in the summer of 1944, was a testament to the ingenuity and desperation of the era. It was intended to be a companion to the Ar 234 C-3 jet bomber, serving as a fighter to protect the bomber from enemy aircraft.The Ar 381-14 was not designed to take off independently. Instead, it was to be attached to the underside of the Ar 234 C-3, carried into the air, and then released. This unique design required the pilot to adopt a prone position within the fighter, a compromise necessitated by the aircraft’s low altitude during the takeoff process.
The Ar 381-14 featured a constant chord and thickness wing with circular wingtips. The main wing was equipped with auxiliary flaps for landing. Stability was enhanced with two vertical tails and a rudder. Initially, the design called for the installation of RZ65 air-to-air rockets, intended to intercept Allied bomber formations. However, by 1945, this proposal was scrapped, and instead, a 45-round magazine of MK 108 30mm cannon was mounted above the pilot’s cockpit.
Operation and Performance
The Ar 381-14 was designed to operate at high speeds, reaching approximately 560 miles per hour. Once the Ar 234 C-3 reached an altitude of 19,685 feet, the Ar 381-14 would be released. The pilot, now in the prone position, would then ignite the HWK 509 B-1 rocket engine and accelerate towards the target.
The pilot’s primary objective was to approach the target at a close range to ensure a higher chance of hitting the target. After completing the mission, the pilot had two options for landing. The first was to use a retractable skid mounted under the aircraft’s belly, which would deploy a parachute upon landing to slow the descent. The second option was to parachute out of the aircraft if it was damaged by enemy fire.The Ar 381-14 was equipped with thick armor and a small size, making it less susceptible to enemy fire. Despite its unconventional design, the aircraft was believed to be effective in its intended role.
Technical Specifications
The Ar 381-14 was powered by a single HWK 509 B-1 rocket engine. The aircraft had a length of 8.5 meters (28 feet) and a wingspan of 8.5 meters (28 feet). The empty weight of the aircraft was approximately 1,200 kilograms (2,645 pounds), and the maximum takeoff weight was around 1,800 kilograms (3,968 pounds).
The Ar 381-14 was equipped with a single 30mm MK 108 cannon, capable of firing 45 rounds. The aircraft had a maximum speed of 560 miles per hour and a service ceiling of 19,685 feet. The range of the aircraft was limited to approximately 300 miles.
Legacy and Impact
The Ar 381-14 was a fascinating experiment in aircraft design, combining the speed and power of a rocket engine with the agility of a fighter aircraft. While it was never mass-produced, the aircraft served as a testament to the creativity and innovation of the German aviation industry during World War II.
The Ar 381-14’s design influenced future aircraft, particularly in the realm of fighter aircraft. The concept of a rocket-powered fighter, while not widely adopted, paved the way for future advancements in aircraft technology. The aircraft’s unique design and operation methods continue to fascinate aviation enthusiasts and historians alike, making the Ar 381-14 a significant piece of aviation history.